The FAA Private Pilot Knowledge Test (PAR), explained.

What the PAR is

PAR is the FAA's code for the Private Pilot Airplane knowledge test, often called the written. It is a computer-based multiple-choice exam you must pass before your checkride. Its questions come from the knowledge elements in the Private Pilot Airman Certification Standards (ACS), currently FAA-S-ACS-6C.

Format and scoring

The FAA may add a few unscored validation questions. They do not count toward the 60, and their time is inside the 2 hours. Figures such as sectional excerpts and performance charts now appear inside the question on screen rather than only in a printed supplement.

Older guides list 2 hours 30 minutes. The FAA cut the allotted time to 2 hours on April 24, 2023. Source: FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Matrix.

Who can take it

You must be at least 15. Before you sit, you need an endorsement from an authorized instructor, or proof that you completed an approved home-study course. Most students get the endorsement once their instructor sees steady practice scores.

Booking and testing centers

The test is given at PSI testing centers under the FAA's testing contract. You schedule and pay through PSI. Bring government-issued photo ID and your endorsement. Check PSI for current fees and locations.

After the test

You leave with an Airman Knowledge Test Report. It lists your score and the ACS codes for any questions you missed. Your examiner must quiz you on those codes at the checkride, so a high score with few codes makes the oral easier.

If you fail, you can retest after additional instruction and a new instructor endorsement. A passing result is valid for 24 calendar months, so plan the checkride inside that window.